Health risk assessment on aluminium (Al) in gravity feed system (GFS) water used by orang Asli villagers in Kampung Kuala Pangsun, Selangor

Azmi, Azyan Nabihah (2016) Health risk assessment on aluminium (Al) in gravity feed system (GFS) water used by orang Asli villagers in Kampung Kuala Pangsun, Selangor. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Introduction: Gravity feed system (GFS) distributes water from rivers or springs using gravity to houses without any chemical treatment. In Malaysia, GFS has been used as a rural water supply for more than a decade. Aluminium (Al) is naturally present in water through the weathering of rocks and leaching of soil. High prevalence of Al in drinking water was reported in Selangor wbich was 90% due to agriculture activities. There was very limited study has been done on GFS water supply. Hence, it is needed to provide a baseline data for public management specifically to enhance the quality of GFS water supply. Objective: To determine Al concentration in GFS water and health effects of Ai intake among Orang Asli Villagers in Kampung Kuala Pangsun, Hulu Langat, Selangor. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kampung Kuala Pangsun by using purposive sampling and ninety-two of Orang Asli Villagers were selected as sample population. Respondents were interviewed using minor modified Baseline, Descriptive and Time Activity Questionnaires. The health risk was calculated using equation based on the given information. Three replicates of GFS water samples were taken from each respondent's house using a 200 mL high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottle, pH was measured in-situ using pH meter while A1 concentration was analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results and Discussion: Mean A1 concentration was 0.079 mg/L with a range of 0.02 mg/L to 0.23 mgL. There were four (7.3%) out of forty six samples which had Al concentration that exceeded the National Standard for Drinking Water Quality of Malaysia (0.2 mg/L) due to usage of pesticide near to catchment area. pH levels ranged from 3.6 to 7.4 with a mean of 7.07. There was a significant association between pH and Al concentration in water samples studied (p < 0.01). Hazard quotient (HQ) for all respondents were found to be less than 1. Conclusion: The water supply received by the respondents is safe to be consumed as the health risk from aluminium is negligible. Keywords: Aluminium (Al), pH, Gravity Feed System (GFS) Water, Hazard Quotient (HQ)

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Mr Muhamad Fazril Awang
Date Deposited:	23 Nov 2022 03:54
Last Modified:	22 Aug 2023 02:38
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/496

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