Histopathological examination on selected organs of arthritic rats treated with quinone rich fraction of Ardisia crispa

LIEW, KAI MAN (2021) Histopathological examination on selected organs of arthritic rats treated with quinone rich fraction of Ardisia crispa. [Project Paper] (Submitted)

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Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease is reported to be mediated via excessive angiogenesis. A few conventional drugs used in treating RA are reported to exhibit undesirable adverse effects. Thus, the public has turned into herbal remedies in RA treatment. Ardisia crispa locally known as “Mata itik”, is a herbal plant reportedly exhibits various pharmacological effects including anti-inflammation, antiulcer, antimetastatic and antitumor. The hexane extract of Ardisia crispa roots (ACRH) and its isolated quinone rich fraction (QRF) were reported to exhibit antiarthritic effect. Specifically, QRF was recently shown to exert antiarthritic effect mediated via angiogenesis suppression in collagen-induced arthritis in male Sprague Dawley rats for 28 days. Nevertheless, the safety of the sample (QRF) orally and chronically administered, has yet to be determined. Therefore, in the present study, apart from the therapeutic effect of QRF at various dosages (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) which has been already clarified, the hazardous potential of QRF should be taken into account to confirm its safety for a long-term consumption. Objective: This study aimed to identify and demonstrate the non-toxicity of QRF by assessing the histopathological changes in selected organs i.e liver, kidney and spleen of arthritis rats treated with QRF for 13 days. Methodology: A semi-quantitative histopathological evaluation on the selected organs i.e liver, spleen and kidney of arthritic control, vehicle (normal) and QRF-treated groups were carried out, respectively. The organs underwent a series of histopathological processes including tissue fixation, tissue processing, tissue embedding, tissue sectioning, slide staining with haematoxylin-eosin stain and microscopic examination. Any changes in histopathological features by assessing the microscopic changes was analysed via established histopathological scoring. The data was then expressed as Mean ± Standard Error of Mean (S.E.M.) and analysed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparison. Values with p<0.05 was statically significant. Result: From the histopathological evaluation and scoring, QRF-treated groups (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) showed no significant difference between vehicle and arthritic control groups, respectively. Interestingly, a mild focal inflammation was observed in the liver of treatment and control groups, and kidney of 3mg/kg and 30mg/kg treatment groups. Discussion: The mild focal inflammation that observed in both liver and kidney was the inconsistent background lesion that may occur spontaneously in rodents’ chronic toxicity test. Therefore, the mild focal inflammation is non-specific to indicate toxicity of QRF. Conclusion: From the histopathological findings, quinone rich fraction of Ardisia crispa (QRF) is able to exhibit antiarthritic effect without inducing toxicity to the liver, kidney and spleen at the mentioned dosages. For future research direction, an extensive analysis can be carried out to further investigate the background lesion that observed in the liver and kidney of the rat models. Moreover, a chronic toxicity test for longer period and higher dosages with other additional organs such as brain, stomach, and heart can be carried out to confirm the safety profile of QRF.

Item Type:	Project Paper
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine and Health Science
Depositing User:	Ms. Nor Safa'aton Saidin
Date Deposited:	12 Apr 2023 06:45
Last Modified:	12 Apr 2023 06:45
URI:	http://psaspb.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/823

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